On these pages you will find the rough works of
   Raham Asha رهام اشه  
concerning the Perso-Aryan world. The material on this site is constantly corrected and, hopefully, improved. If you want to cite anything here, please check with the author first.
Forthcoming:
To the memory of 
Daryush Kargar
Jāmāspīg
A revised edition of 
the Pārsīg version of 
the Memorial of Jāmāspa
The Codex TD 26
Picture
The First Man, the Mace of Mithra, and the Yellow-eared Dog
(Orion & Canis Major)
Avesta Glossary

A glossary of Avesta words and their Pārsīg
equivalents, based on the Zand, the so-called Frahang ī ōīm: ēk
Jāvēδān Xraδ 

Some fragments of the Eternal Wisdom of Aošnara the wise which are extant in Pārsīg (Pahlavi), Arabic and Persian
Zamān ‘Time’ 
in the last texts of the Magi
               زمان ِ بيکران اندر نوشته های پارسی ِ مغان 
The story of the priest Dēnyār and the daughter to whom Muḥammad was born
آزند ِ دستور دينيار و پيامبر ِ دمدار
abestāg
The Tradition of the Magi about  the Avesta

The traditional history of the Zoroastrian Scriptures
Manušcihr and the tradition of the Magi

Pārsīg (Pahlavi) Texts

Dk iv 
The Fourth book of the Dēnkird
Sentences of the Spiritual Wisdom
dādestān ī mēnōg xrad
Bundahišn

Bd 1a
abar dāmdahišnīh ī gētīgīhā
About the material creation of  the Primeval Creations
Bd 34
abar ristāxēz ud tan ī pasēn
On the resurrection and the future body
The Cities of Ērānšahr
šahrestānīhā ī ērānšahr (ŠĒŠ)

Šak-u-gumānīh-vizār 

The ‘doubt-dispelling’ book of Mardānfarrox
The treatise Xusrō son of Kavād and a Page
husrav ī kavādān ud rēdak-ē 
The coming of the King Vahrām Varzāvand
abar madan ī šāh vahrām ī varzāvand 

Explanation of chess and disposition of backgammon

vizārišn ī catrang ud nihišn ī nēvardašēr

A Banquet Speech

āfrīn ī sūr 

The Benediction of ritual repast 

āfrīn ī myazd 

The medicine for contentment

dārūg ī hunsandīh

Gnomic sentences

handarz

Select Admonitions of the Ancient Doctors 

cīdag handarz ī pōryōdkēšān 
The Counsel of Vehzād Farrox-pērōz
handarz ī vehzād farrox-pērōz

Precepts for school children

xvēškārīh ī rēdakān ō ēn farrox  dibīrestān
handarz veh ē  kunam ō ašmā kōdakān

The wonders and mirabilia of the land of Sakastāna

abdīh ud sahīgīh ī zamīg ī sagestān

The Testament of Husrō son of Kavād

handarz ī husrō ī kavādān

The Book of Psalms
Parsīg fragments

The fragments of the Pārsīg Psalter were found in the ruins of Bulayïq, a Christian monastery near the hamlet Bulayïq, to the north of Turfan. 
Trilingual inscription of Ardašēr at Naqš i Rustam
ANRm-a
ANRm-b
Trilingual inscription of Šābuhr at Naqš i Rajab
ŠNRb
The trilingual inscription of Šābuhr at “Kaaba i Zardušt”
ŠKZ
Res Gestae divi Saporis

A bilingual inscription at Šābuhr 
(ŠVŠ)

The Vēšābuhr stella’s chronology

Astronomy, Astrology, Cosmology, Cosmogony

starušmārīh, axtarmārīh, gētīgdānišnīh, bundahišnīh

xvardag-āmārišnīh

calculation of Asterisms (“lunar mansions”)
Sūryasiddhānta

abar zamīgpeymānīh 
The cosmic representation of the sacred bread                                                                                         drōn and frasast
Haptōiriṇga

The 7 stars of the constellation Ursa Major
A Cosmographical treatise in Gujarati

Preface
Text
Ērān and Ērānšahr

The scribe and the office of the scribe

The scribe class and the third function

An account of the scripts and languages of the Persians

From the Fihrist of al-Nadīm

Education I
(Pārsīg/ Pahlavi)
Half-cursive Writing
nēmvaštag-dibīrīh
دبيرستان کردن
گوهر و فرهنگ
هيربدستان کردن
سه يکِ شبانروز

az : jahišyārī, nāmag ī vizīrān ud dibīrān
قال أبو عبد اللّه محمد بن عبدوس الجهشياري في كتابه المصنف في اخبار الوزراء و الكتاب
Aratxerxes and three Ladies
                                                   اردشير و سه بانو

From the Discourse of Meliton of Sardis

An Aramaic inscription from Cappadocia
(Arebsun B1)

An Artemis Anāhitā votive inscription from Maeonia (Meyne)
                                 يک نوشتهء پدستی برای اناهيد

The festival calendar of the month Tammūz in Ḥarrān
                                             ابر جشن ِ تاوز به حران

The Srtory of Me‘īn of Šiggar
                                                         از: آزند ِ معين

 The goddess on lion with the mirror in her hand 

بانوی آيينه به دست ابر پشت ِ شير
Sinǝlum and Šahrbānū

Payghambarān Mountain Temple
                                                     شهربانو و سينلوم 
The legend of the death of Šāh Kāran and the flight of three Maidens
شاه کارن
The Lady of Palmyra and her alter ego
The Lady of Dura (Europos) and her alter ego
دورا-اروپوس
آرتميس و آپولون، ننا و اَدَد
Imrā, le dieu des Gulois 
Ancient Perso-Aryan Kingship
The State in Persian Tradition
The regalia of royalty
About the throne Tāgdēs
Dk iii, 46, M 37-38
Dk iii, 54, M 45
Dk iii, 58, M 47
Dk iii, 133, M 133-136
Dk iii, 134, M 136-137
nāmag ī tōsar ō gušnasp šāh
« The Letter of Tansar » 
                                                      نامهء تنسر

Medicine
bizeškīh

Texts
mādayān

The 157th chapter of the third book of the Dēnkird 
Burzōy and the Persian Medicine
The medicine for contentment
A Persian fragment on medicine from Vazurgmihr
Ādurbād ī Mahrespendān
Story of a Jew and a Pārsī
(Pārsīg and Fārsī versions)
Le Courant Pārsī-Āδarī
The “Parsi” School of Āδar Keyvān
(A paper read before the INALCO- Centre Clichy, on 10th May 2011, by Raham Asha, and translated from French by Azadeh Jasemi)
Suhravardi, un sage persan du 12ème siècle
Une prière au soleil 
Litany to the sun
Suhravardī and Āδar Kēvān
About some qualities of the renowned philosophers
                                                   اندر صفت ِ حکيمان ِ مشهور
A Persian poem of Abū Nuwās (756–814 A.D.)
A Gurānī poem in « Pahlavi » script
az : Chāndogya Upaniṣad, V.1
abar vēn
az : Kaṭha Upaniṣad, I.3
abar do grīv, āzend ī rah
The Prince and his alter ego
šāhzādag ud dogānag ī ōy 
The so-called Hymn of the Pearl
Gabr

The chronology of the Aryan Land (Persia)

Royal 
              The genealogy of the Kavi-dynasty
              The chronology of kings 
Religious 
              The Finite Time

The Millennium of Yima

The millennium of Zaraθuštra

The term of centuries
The symbolism of metals  
The four periods

The coming of the daēnā

The first hearers and first teachers of the Daēnā

The Old Persian Era

Anno religionis

The religious and royal traditions

and the end of the Achaemenian Kingship

The women and children who saved the daēnā

The Hvāfrita dynasty : the Sasanians  

Avarəθrabah
Tōsar
Ādurbād

The restoration of the daēnā

Hemerology, Menology, Ophiomancy, Astral omens, etc. 

rōznāmag, māhnāmag, mārnāmag, axtarnāmag, ud cē

The Treatise of Thirty Days
mādayān ī sīh rōzag

List of daily activities
rōznāmag 

Tables of Choices

اختيار ِ روزها
From the Book of Choices
در بيان اختيارات ايام ماه 

Snake-calendars
From the Vestiges of the Past
مارنامه
ديدن ِ مار از خوب و بد هفته
ديدن ِ مار از خوب و بد ِ دوازده برج که  ماه باشد

Fortune of the days
xvarrah ī rozān 

Zodiacal Sign Book
ديدن ِ ماه ِ نو اندرون ِ هر يک برج که می آيد 

Calendars, Dates and Chronologies

sālnāmag, māhrōz, ud sālmar
Armenian Calendar
_(Tōmar Hayocʿ)
A Persian « Lunar » Calendar

according to the Annals of Ḥamza
The structure of the Sogdian calendar
according to the later Sogdian and Uyγur sources

Sogdian calendar fragments

M 115
M 148
T ii D 66 (a)
M 147
M 796
Ôtani 6191
Uyγur calendar fragments

N° 9 and N° 8 (in the Türkische Turfan-Texte, vii)
N° 88 (in the T'u-lu-fom K'ao-ku chi)
A fragment in Turkic runic script from Toyok

The five additional days of the year
panzag 

From the Vizargird ī dēnīg
From the treatise on the Constellations  written in 660 by Severus Sebōxt
On the calendar of Persian festivals
According to Bērōnī’s Canon Masudicus

نوروز و مهرگان اندر يک تاجنامه

Persian Calendar: An example from the Book of the Crown
The month Tīr and the feast of ceremonial ablution (Tīragān)                                                                                              
تير  و تيرگان             

Mani and the Persian world-years

The dates of Mani’s life

The date of the birth of Mani 
The date of Mani’s death

The Bilingual Inscription of 
Vologeses son of Mithridates

پيکر ِ بهرام به بغستان ِ تير

The Colophons of Mihrābān Kayxusrō

About some corresponding dates of Pārsī and Hindū eras.

The date on the stone pillar inscription
erected by the king Budhagupta at Eran

The Lunar Hijra Calendar
Conversion of the Hijri and Yazdegirdī dates
fragān baved  ēn Er andar rōz ī fravardīn māh ādur sāl hazār ud tirēst-ud haftād-u-ašt yazdegirdīg (19 fravardīn 1378 Y / mai 2009 AD).
harv kē xvāned ayāb hamōzed u-š kār veh aziš kuned.