Medicine
bizeškīh
bizeškīh
The Ardevahišt Yašt lists the five Aryan Medical specialists[1]. These five healing types were in origin third-function practices, originated among the vāstryō fšuyant. They were distinguished from the proper priestly practice called “the medicine of soul” as opposed to “the medicine of body”.[2] The third-function medicine created a class of medical specialists and healers distinct from the class of priests. The head of the Aryan priests was called zaraθušrō.təma “the most like that of Zaraθuštra” (or mobedān mobed), and the head of the Aryan healers erān drustbed “the supreme therapeutist of the Aryans”.[3]
1. aṣō.baēšazō, the one who heals by aṣa ‘order; truth’.The Dēnkird explains that the art of healing by aṣa means the medicine by fire.[4] Indeed, aṣa is connected with fire: “The third of spiritual beings is Aṣəm Vahištəm, and of material creations he received the fire as his own”.[5]
2. ×dāγō.baēšazō[6], the one who heals with a cautery.[7] The cautery is said to be the last medicine.[8]
3. karətō.baēšazō, the one who heals by the knife, surgeon.
4. urvarō.baēšazō, the one who heals by means of herbal drugs.
mąθrō.baēšazō, the one who heals by use of certain mąθras (words fashioned and uttered by the seers). The cure of men of diseases by pronouncing or writing mąθras is described as baēšazanąm baēšazyōtəmō ‘the most healing of healing remedies’.
[1] Cf. Yt 3.6.
[2] Cf. Dk iii M 163 aziš andar āsrōnīh pēšag cōn ruvān-bizeškīh; aziš <andar> vāstryōšīh pēšag cōn tan-bizeškīh.
[3] Cf. Dk iii M 165 uzmāyišn ud vizīn dastvarīh <ī> ruvān-bizešk abar ruvān-bizeškīh, zarduštrōdum; ud hān ī tan-bizešk abar tan-bizeškīh ērān abēzag drustbed xwēškārīh. Pers. erān drustbed is rendered by Arabic رأس أطباء فارس.
[4] Cf. Dk iii M159 ahlāyīh-bēšāzišnīh ātaš-bēšāzišnīh.
[5] Bd 35 sidīgar az mēnōgān ardvahišt u-š az dahišn ī gētīg ātaš ō xwēš pedērift.
[6] Mss. dātō°. In the Dk iii M 159 the healing with a cautery is rendered by dāg-bēšāzišnīh.
[7] Cf. Dk viii M 730 brīnag ud dāg ī stōr-bizešk.
[8] Dk iii M 159 dāg abdum bizeškīh ≈ Arab. آخر الدواء الکیّ
1. aṣō.baēšazō, the one who heals by aṣa ‘order; truth’.The Dēnkird explains that the art of healing by aṣa means the medicine by fire.[4] Indeed, aṣa is connected with fire: “The third of spiritual beings is Aṣəm Vahištəm, and of material creations he received the fire as his own”.[5]
2. ×dāγō.baēšazō[6], the one who heals with a cautery.[7] The cautery is said to be the last medicine.[8]
3. karətō.baēšazō, the one who heals by the knife, surgeon.
4. urvarō.baēšazō, the one who heals by means of herbal drugs.
mąθrō.baēšazō, the one who heals by use of certain mąθras (words fashioned and uttered by the seers). The cure of men of diseases by pronouncing or writing mąθras is described as baēšazanąm baēšazyōtəmō ‘the most healing of healing remedies’.
[1] Cf. Yt 3.6.
[2] Cf. Dk iii M 163 aziš andar āsrōnīh pēšag cōn ruvān-bizeškīh; aziš <andar> vāstryōšīh pēšag cōn tan-bizeškīh.
[3] Cf. Dk iii M 165 uzmāyišn ud vizīn dastvarīh <ī> ruvān-bizešk abar ruvān-bizeškīh, zarduštrōdum; ud hān ī tan-bizešk abar tan-bizeškīh ērān abēzag drustbed xwēškārīh. Pers. erān drustbed is rendered by Arabic رأس أطباء فارس.
[4] Cf. Dk iii M159 ahlāyīh-bēšāzišnīh ātaš-bēšāzišnīh.
[5] Bd 35 sidīgar az mēnōgān ardvahišt u-š az dahišn ī gētīg ātaš ō xwēš pedērift.
[6] Mss. dātō°. In the Dk iii M 159 the healing with a cautery is rendered by dāg-bēšāzišnīh.
[7] Cf. Dk viii M 730 brīnag ud dāg ī stōr-bizešk.
[8] Dk iii M 159 dāg abdum bizeškīh ≈ Arab. آخر الدواء الکیّ
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